Morphometric digital measurement of the luminal opening area of colonic crypts (pits) can differentiate the adenomas from other colonic lesions

Abstract

Context: Differential diagnosis of hyperplastic vs adenomatous lesions is of crucial importance on the daily practice of colonoscopy.

Objectives: This study aimed at quantifying digital morphometric characteristics of colonoscopic images obtained with magnification and chromoscopy of three different types of colonic lesions: hyperplastic, adenomas and carcinomas, and the normal mucosa surrounding the lesions.

Methods: A total of 2,177 consecutive colonoscopies were analyzed and 105 images were chosen for analysis, divided into 37 hyperplastic lesions, 42 adenomas and 26 carcinomas. Specific digital morphometry was used, to measure the diameter and area of the pits from hyperplastic lesions, adenomatous and carcinomatous lesions, always comparing them with the normal mucosa surrounding pits.

Results: Different morphometric measures were performed via image analysis software to measure the mean pit opening diameters and their respective area. The mean pit opening diameters and corresponding area measurements were statistically significant for all groups of lesions examined.

Conclusions: The morphometric characteristics of colonoscopy images allowing the observer to compare differences between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and colorectal carcinoma lesions. Digital morphometric studies are feasible like the present study shows. This can help the colonoscopist in clinical decisions. A software with morphometric measures can apply and will permit the digital morphometric analysis. The data generated from the application of software, can provide valuable points in differentiation of various lesions, guiding the conduct clinical, already during the endoscopic procedure. Morphometric analysis is more an instance of decision to the colonoscopist and it has important value not for being subjective, but for being objective, since it generates digits of its measures. In these aspects, and among different characteristics, the measure of the area showed to be the most important measure in the differential aspect. Different lesions have different patterns of morphometric measures and theses patterns can be obtained from the study of the characteristics in databases. The endoscopic removal of adenomatous polyps (polypectomy), or a more detailed study of the neoplastic lesions for helping the decision if endoscopic removal (mucosectomy) or surgical resection, and a conservative position in hyperplastic lesions, are proceedings that morphometrics, with another parameters, can help to decide.