Poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) beads promote vascularization and wound repair in diabetic mice

Abstract

Topical application of beads made from poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (45 mol % methacrylic acid, MAA) increased the number of blood vessels and improved 1.5 x 1.5 cm full thickness wound closure in a diabetic mouse (db/db) model. Three groups were compared: MAA beads, control poly(methyl methacrylate) beads (PMMA), and no bead blanks. MAA bead treatment significantly increased percent wound closure at all timepoints (7, 14, and 21 days) with MAA bead-treated wounds almost closed at day 21 (91 +/- 5.4% MAA vs. 79 +/- 3.2% PMMA or 76 +/- 4.8% no beads; p < 0.05). This was consistent with the expected significant increase in vascularity in the MAA group at days 7 and 14. For example at day 14, MAA bead-treated wounds had a vascular density of 22.7 +/- 2.6 vessels/hpf compared with 17.0 +/- 2.0 vessels/hpf in the PMMA bead group (p < 0.05). Epithelial gap and migration measurements suggested that the increased vascularity leads to enhanced epithelial cell migration as a principal means of wound closure. Although studies are underway to elucidate the mechanism of this angiogenic response, the results presented here support the notion that such materials, perhaps in other forms, may be useful in wound care or in other situations where vascularity is to be enhanced without the use of exogenous growth factors.