Experimental evaluation of insecticidal paints against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), under natural climatic conditions

Abstract

Background: Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco region of South America. The traditional spraying technique used for the application of pyrethroid insecticides has shown low efficiency in the elimination of the vector species populations occupying peridomestic structures of rural houses in the endemic area of Argentina. As part of studies looking for better alternatives, we evaluated the residual effect of insecticidal paints on the mortality of fourth instar nymphs of T. infestans.

Results: The study was based on an experimental design that included two groups treated with an organophosphate (Inesfly 5A IGR) and a pyrethroid (Inesfly 5A IGR NG) formulations of the paint, that were applied on wood, cement blocks and adobe bricks under natural climatic conditions. A third group was an untreated control. Both paint formulations showed very long residual activity, producing mortality of 84% and 98% (pyrethroid and organophosphate formulations, respectively) after 12 months of the paint application. After eight months, nymphs exposed during 6 hours to the painted surfaces with the pyrethroid and organophosphate formulations showed 81.33% and 100% mortality, respectively.

Conclusion: The organophosphate- and pyrethroid-based insecticidal paints showed a very long residual activity on the mortality of fourth instar nymphs of T infestans, compared with the traditional spraying technique used for the application of pyrethroid insecticides in peridomestic structures of rural houses in the endemic region for Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco of Argentina. The application of the paints by trained personnel of the vector control programmes could be considered as an alternative control tool in areas where the traditional methods have failed or showed low efficacy.

Figure 1

T. infestans mortality rate exposed on organophosphate formulation. Mortality rate of fourth instar nymphs of T. infestans exposed during different times on three surfaces treated with the organophosphate formulation of the tested paint [adobe ■ (black square); wood ▲ (black triangle); cement ● (black circle)]. Vertical lines are standard error.

Figure 2

T. infestans mortality rate exposed on pyrethroid formulation. Mortality rate of fourth instar nymphs of T. infestans exposed during different times on three surfaces treated with the pyrethroid formulation of the tested paint [adobe ■ (black square); wood ▲ (black triangle); cement ● (black circle)]. Vertical lines are standard error.