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. 2009 Jun;117(6):898-903.
doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800108. Epub 2009 Feb 13.

The effect of fine and coarse particulate air pollution on mortality: a national analysis

Antonella Zanobetti  1 , Joel Schwartz
Affiliations

The effect of fine and coarse particulate air pollution on mortality: a national analysis

Antonella Zanobetti et al. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Although many studies have examined the effects of air pollution on mortality, data limitations have resulted in fewer studies of both particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <or= 2.5 microm (PM(2.5); fine particles) and of coarse particles (particles with an aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 and < 10 microm; PM coarse). We conducted a national, multicity time-series study of the acute effect of PM(2.5) and PM coarse on the increased risk of death for all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and respiratory mortality for the years 1999-2005.

Method: We applied a city- and season-specific Poisson regression in 112 U.S. cities to examine the association of mean (day of death and previous day) PM(2.5) and PM coarse with daily deaths. We combined the city-specific estimates using a random effects approach, in total, by season and by region.

Results: We found a 0.98% increase [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75-1.22] in total mortality, a 0.85% increase (95% CI, 0.46-1.24) in CVD, a 1.18% increase (95% CI, 0.48-1.89) in MI, a 1.78% increase (95% CI, 0.96-2.62) in stroke, and a 1.68% increase (95% CI, 1.04-2.33) in respiratory deaths for a 10-microg/m(3) increase in 2-day averaged PM(2.5). The effects were higher in spring. For PM coarse, we found significant but smaller increases for all causes analyzed.

Conclusions: We conclude that our analysis showed an increased risk of mortality for all and specific causes associated with PM(2.5), and the risks are higher than what was previously observed for PM(10). In addition, coarse particles are also associated with more deaths.

Keywords: PM coarse; cardiovascular diseases; fine particulate matter; mortality; respiratory disease; season; time series.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of the 112 U.S. cities included in the study. Symbol size represents the population; color represents PM2.5 concentrations.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percent increase in cause-specific mortality for the 4 days distributed lag model, combined in 47 cities for PM coarse. Error bars represent 95% CIs of the estimates.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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