Insulin therapy to improve BMI in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes without fasting hyperglycemia: results of the cystic fibrosis related diabetes therapy trial

Abstract

Objective: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) without fasting hyperglycemia (CFRD FH-) is not associated with microvascular or macrovascular complications, leading to controversy about the need for treatment. The Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Therapy (CFRDT) Trial sought to determine whether diabetes therapy improves BMI in these patients.

Research design and methods: A three-arm multicenter randomized trial compared 1 year of therapy with premeal insulin aspart, repaglinide, or oral placebo in subjects with cystic fibrosis who had abnormal glucose tolerance.

Results: One hundred adult patients were enrolled. Eighty-one completed the study, including 61 with CFRD FH- and 20 with severly impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). During the year before therapy, BMI declined in all groups. Among the group with CFRD FH-, insulin-treated patients lost 0.30 +/- 0.21 BMI units the year before therapy. After 1 year of insulin therapy, this pattern reversed, and they gained 0.39 +/- 21 BMI units (P = 0.02). No significant change in the rate of BMI decline was seen in placebo-treated patients (P = 0.45). Repaglinide-treated patients had an initial significant BMI gain (0.53 +/- 0.19 BMI units, P = 0.01), but this effect was not sustained. After 6 months of therapy they lost weight so that by 12 months there was no difference in the rate of BMI change during the study year compared with the year before (P = 0.33). Among patients with IGT, neither insulin nor repaglinide affected the rate of BMI decline. No significant differences were seen in the rate of lung function decline or the number of hospitalizations in any group.

Conclusions: Insulin therapy safely reversed chronic weight loss in patients with CFRD FH-.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00072904.

Figure 1

BMI 12 months before and 6 and 12 months after treatment with insulin (red), placebo (blue), or repaglinide (black) in 61 subjects with CFRD FH− (A) and 20 subjects with IGT (B). Data are means ± SEM. P values are for study year (0–12 months) compared with previous year (−12 to 0 months) within each group.