Association of coronary aortic calcium with abdominal aortic calcium detected on lateral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry spine images

Abstract

The association of abdominal aortic calcium (AAC) on lateral spine bone densitometry with coronary artery calcium (CAC) has not been reported. We studied 33 men and 73 women who had CAC scored with electron beam computed tomography at the eighth visit of the Rancho Bernardo study and lateral spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry images fully evaluable for AAC at the ninth study visit. The association between CAC level and AAC tertile was assessed by ordinal logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio of having a greater CAC score for those with an AAC score in the top tertile (24-point scale score > or =5) was 6.42 (95% confidence interval 2.28 to 18.1) and using the 8-point scale (score > or =3) was 3.38 (95% confidence interval 1.26 to 9.07) compared with those with AAC scores in the bottom tertiles, adjusted for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, and diabetes. A 24-point AAC score of > or =5 had a sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 70% to detect a high CAC score (> or =400 points). An 8-point AAC score of > or =3 had a sensitivity of 45% and specificity of 78%. In conclusion, a high level of AAC on lateral spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was strongly associated with coronary artery disease and might be commonly encountered because bone densitometry is indicated for all women aged > or =65 years and all men aged > or =70 years. Its presence should be reported to the patient's physician to identify and manage modifiable risk factors.

Figure 1

Lateral Spine Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Images Not Fully Evaluable (Left Panel) and Fully Evaluable (Right Panel) for Abdominal Aortic Calcium

Figure 2

Sensitivity and Specificity of Abdominal Aortic Calcium-24 Score Cut-Point for Coronary Artery Calcium (Agatston Score ≥ 100 or ≥ 400)

Figure 3

Sensitivity and Specificity of Abdominal Aortic Calcium-8 Score Cut-Point for Coronary Artery Calcium (Agatston Score ≥ 100 or ≥ 400)

Figure 4

Comparison of Abdominal Aortic Calcium-24 plus Clinical Risk Factors* vs Clinical Risk Factors* Alone to Detect Those with a High Level of Coronary Artery Calcium (Agatston Score ≥ 400) ^*Clinical risk factors: age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, smoking status, and a diagnosis of diabetes p-value for difference: 0.094