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. 2009 Oct;32(10):1870-2.
doi: 10.2337/dc09-0328. Epub 2009 Jul 23.

Is prehypertension a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes?

David R Mullican  1 , Carlos Lorenzo, Steven M Haffner
Affiliations

Is prehypertension a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes?

David R Mullican et al. Diabetes Care. 2009 Oct.

Abstract

Objective: Prehypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance. However, whether subjects with prehypertension have more diabetes risk is not known. We examine whether prehypertension is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods: Incident diabetes was examined in nondiabetic normotensive participants in the San Antonio Heart Study (n = 2,767; aged 25-65 years; median follow-up 7.8 years).

Results: Incident diabetes was 12.4% in subjects with prehypertension and 5.6% in subjects with normal blood pressure. The odds of incident diabetes were 2.21 greater for individuals with prehypertension than for those with normal blood pressure (95% CI 1.63-2.98) after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity. Prehypertension was not associated with incident diabetes after additional adjustment for BMI, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and secretion, and family history of diabetes (odds ratio 1.42 [95% CI 0.99-2.02]).

Conclusions: Subjects with prehypertension are at increased risk of diabetes. Much of this risk is explained by disorders related to the insulin resistance syndrome.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Shown is the 7.8-year cumulative incidence of diabetes by prehypertension status and categories of age, ethnicity, sex, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and BMI. A: Age, adjusted for sex and ethnicity. B: Ethnicity, adjusted for age and sex. C: Sex, adjusted for age and ethnicity. D–F: Fasting glucose (D), glucose tolerance (E), and BMI (F), adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. P values for test of difference in incident diabetes between subjects with prehypertension and subjects with normal blood pressure. White bars = NBP, normal blood pressure; gray bars = pHTN, prehypertension.
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