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Review
. 2009:60:307-20.
doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.103955.

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a new face to an old pathogen

Sheela Shenoi  1 , Gerald Friedland
Affiliations
Review

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a new face to an old pathogen

Sheela Shenoi et al. Annu Rev Med. 2009.

Abstract

The presence and consequences of resistance to drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis have long been neglected. The recent detection and recognition of widespread multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis have raised interest and concern among clinicians and public health authorities globally. In this article, we describe the current global status of drug-resistant tuberculosis. We discuss the development of resistance, current management, and strategies for control.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Efficacy of rapidly available combinations of strategies to reduce nosocomial transmission of XDR TB. Mask: both staff N95 respirators and patient masks with adherence enforcement. LOS: reducing average length of stay to 5 days. Vent: improvements in natural ventilation. MODS: microscopic observed drug susceptibility assay. VCT: voluntary counseling and testing in admitted patients, with subsequent antiretroviral therapy to those who qualify. 5 pt: isolating patients in groups of five patients. Reprinted from Reference 61 with permission from Elsevier.
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