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. 2009 Aug;17(8):653-63.
doi: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181aad1fe.

Depressed mood is not a risk factor for incident dementia in a community-based cohort

James T Becker  1 , Yue-Fang Chang, Oscar L Lopez, Mary Amanda Dew, Robert A Sweet, Deborah Barnes, Kristine Yaffe, Jeffrey Young, Lewis Kuller, Charles F Reynolds 3rd
Affiliations

Depressed mood is not a risk factor for incident dementia in a community-based cohort

James T Becker et al. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the relationship between depressed mood and the development of Alzheimer disease in cognitively normal individuals.

Design: Longitudinal and observational.

Setting: Community-based cohort study.

Participants: A total of 288 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study-Cognition Study (mean age: 77.52, SD =3.65, range: 70-89). All of the participants were adjudicated as cognitively normal in 1998/1999, and all had at least three visits before 1998/1999 with measures of cognition and mood state. The mean length of follow-up from 1998-1999 to 2007 was 7.1 years (range: 1-9 years, median =9 years).

Measurements: The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CESD) was used to index mood state, and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) was the index of cognitive function among participants before 1998/1999. These measures were considered in two ways: participants were classified according to: 1) whether they showed a high-negative correlation between their CESD and 3MSE scores (i.e., indicating that greater depression was linked to poorer cognition) and 2) whether they showed persistently elevated CESD scores. The study outcome, development of dementia (N = 48), was based on consensus classifications, which was based on detailed neuropsychological and neurological exams.

Results: The authors could find no consistent relationship between mood state, either alone or in relation to cognitive status, and the subsequent development of dementia. Those individuals whose cognitive functions were highly correlated with their mood state were no more likely to develop dementia than other participants. Those who had persistently depressed mood were also no more likely to develop dementia than those without persistently depressed mood.

Conclusion: Within the confines of this prospective, community-based study of elderly adults, the authors could not find strong evidence to support the hypothesis that mood disturbance was linked with the development of dementia.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
1) Flow chart of study enrollment. See text for details.
Figure 2
Figure 2
2) Relationship Between 3MSE Score in 1998/99 and Prior Mood State. Proportion of participants with 3MSE scores in the range of <90, 91-95 and >95 (vertical axis) as a function of the persistence of depressed mood (horizontal axis).
Figure 3
Figure 3
3) 3MSE Score over Time by Depression Group. Scores on the 3MSE (vertical axis) in the five years prior to the observation period (horizontal axis) as a function of the persistence of depressed mood.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Epidemiology and geriatric psychiatry.
    Hybels CF, Pieper CF. Hybels CF, et al. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Aug;17(8):627-31. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181ad2ba8. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009. PMID: 19625783 No abstract available.

References

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