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Editorial
. 2009 Sep;54(3):462-4.
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134460. Epub 2009 Jul 27.

Hypertension and insulin resistance

Adam Whaley-Connell, James R Sowers
Editorial

Hypertension and insulin resistance

Adam Whaley-Connell et al. Hypertension. 2009 Sep.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Potential actions of acetyl-L-carnitine on endothelial cell (EC) and skeletal muscle cell (SMC) insulin metabolic signaling. The product of metabolism of acetyl-L-carnitine, L-carnitine, serves as an obligatory cofactor for mitochondrial β-fatty acid oxidation to facilitate the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane, thus resulting in more efficient mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glucose use. This improves mitochondrial function, also improves both EC and SMC insulin-stimulated NO bioavailability and glucose use, and ultimately improves endothelial function and systemic insulin sensitivity. Akt indicates protein kinase B; eNOS, endothelial NO synthase; FFA, free fatty acids; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin resistance substrate 1; PI3-K, phosphoinositol 3-kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.
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