A novel tumor-targeted therapy using a claudin-4-targeting molecule

Abstract

Carcinogenesis is often accompanied by dysfunctional tight junction (TJs), resulting in the loss of cellular polarity. Claudin, a tetra-transmembrane protein, plays a pivotal role in the barrier and fence functions of TJs. Claudin-4 is deregulated in various cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and gastric cancer. Claudin-4 may be a promising target molecule for tumor therapy, but the claudin-targeting strategy has never been fully developed. In the present study, we prepared a claudin-4-targeting molecule by fusion of the C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) with the protein synthesis inhibitory factor (PSIF) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin. PSIF was not cytotoxic to claudin-4-expressing cells, whereas C-CPE-PSIF was cytotoxic. Cells that express claudin-1, -2, and -5 were less sensitive to C-CPE-PSIF. Pretreatment of the cells with C-CPE attenuated C-CPE-PSIF-induced cytotoxicity, and mutation of C-CPE in the claudin-4-binding residues attenuated the cytotoxicity of C-CPE-PSIF. TJ-undeveloped cells were more sensitive to C-CPE-PSIF than TJ-developed cells. It is noteworthy that polarized epithelial cells are sensitive to C-CPE-PSIF applied to the basal side, whereas the cells were less sensitive to C-CPE-PSIF applied to the apical side. Intratumoral injection of C-CPE-PSIF reduced tumor growth. This is the first report to indicate that a claudin-4-targeting strategy may be a promising method to overcome the malignant tumors.