Long-term outcomes of joint replacement rehabilitation patients discharged from skilled nursing and inpatient rehabilitation facilities

Abstract

Objective: To examine functional and health status outcomes of patients with joint replacement discharged from a skilled nursing facility (SNF) or an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF).

Design: Postdischarge follow-up interview study at 7.5 months after admission.

Setting: Five freestanding SNFs, 1 hospital-based SNF, and 6 IRFs.

Participants: Patients (N=856): 561 with knee replacement and 295 with hip replacement.

Interventions: None.

Main outcome measures: FIM and Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12).

Results: Among patients with knee and hip replacement, IRF patients made larger motor FIM gains from admission and discharge to follow-up. IRF patients, however, were admitted with lower FIM scores and also had more to gain (especially given the ceiling effects within the FIM at follow-up). When adjusted for case mix, IRF patients made larger motor FIM gains and had higher SF-12-related scores among patients with hip replacement but not among patients with knee replacement. Multivariate regressions found modest setting effects that favored IRFs, and the setting effects explained only a modest portion of the variance in motor FIM outcomes.

Conclusions: At follow-up, patients with joint replacement discharged from IRFs had better motor FIM outcomes than those discharged from freestanding SNFs and the hospital-based SNF. Settings did not differ materially in terms of SF-12 outcomes. Findings do not favor one setting decisively over another. A sole focus on initial postacute placement overlooks the larger trajectory of postacute care that needs to be managed to achieve superior outcomes.