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. 2009 Oct;52(10):2056-63.
doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1460-2. Epub 2009 Aug 9.

Associations between vascular co-morbidities and depression in insulin-naive diabetes patients: the DIAZOB Primary Care Diabetes study

B Koopmans  1 , F Pouwer, R A de Bie, G L Leusink, J K L Denollet, V J M Pop
Affiliations

Associations between vascular co-morbidities and depression in insulin-naive diabetes patients: the DIAZOB Primary Care Diabetes study

B Koopmans et al. Diabetologia. 2009 Oct.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of depression in insulin-naive diabetes patients and to investigate the associations between different forms of vascular co-morbidity and depression.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were used from a primary-care sample of 1,269 insulin-naive (i.e. not using insulin therapy) diabetes patients participating in the DIAZOB Primary Care Diabetes study. Demographics, vascular co-morbidities, clinical and lifestyle characteristics, and psychosocial factors were assessed. Depression symptoms were measured with the Edinburgh Depression Scale, with a score >11 defined as depression. The chi (2) and Student's t tests were used to compare groups with and without vascular co-morbidities. Rates and odds ratios of depression were calculated for each vascular co-morbidity, with diabetes only as the reference group, correcting for age and sex. Single and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test a more comprehensive model regarding the likelihood of depression in diabetes.

Results: The prevalence of depression was 11% in the total sample with little difference between the groups with and without any vascular co-morbidity (11.2% vs 10.0%). Single vascular co-morbidities were not associated with increased rates of depression. The final model predicting depression included: having multiple vascular co-morbidities compared with none; having less social support; having experienced a recent stressful life event; female sex; and being a smoker.

Conclusions/interpretation: Rates of depression in those with one additional vascular co-morbidity did not differ from patients with diabetes only. Vascular co-morbidities were only associated with higher depression scores in case of multiple co-morbidities.

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