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. 2009 Nov;14(6):328-35.
doi: 10.1007/s12199-009-0104-y. Epub 2009 Aug 25.

Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study

Yayoi Funakoshi  1 , Hisamitsu Omori, Takahiko Katoh
Affiliations

Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study

Yayoi Funakoshi et al. Environ Health Prev Med. 2009 Nov.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and lifestyle factors, as well as the influence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism, in adult male workers.

Methods: The subjects were 524 male employees aged 23-49 years (37.3 +/- 5.4 years, mean +/- standard deviation) working at a large-scale integrated manufacturing facility in Japan. BMD was measured at the nondominant radius by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lifestyle information was obtained by a questionnaire at the same time, and genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes.

Results: The genotype frequencies of VDR gene polymorphism detected by Taq I digestion were 81.3%, 17.9%, and 0.8% for TT, Tt, and tt, respectively. BMD was 0.56 +/- 0.06 g/cm(2). Analysis of covariance with adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI) revealed that subjects who had a past history of exercise, current exercise from 3 to 7 days a week or daily alcohol intake showed significantly higher BMD than subjects without these features (0.56 +/- 0.06 versus 0.54 +/- 0.06, 0.58 +/- 0.06 versus 0.55 +/- 0.06, and 0.57 +/- 0.06 versus 0.55 +/- 0.06, respectively) (P < 0.05). Subjects who ate only 2 meals a day or smoked >/=21 cigarettes a day showed significantly lower BMD if they had the Tt or tt genotype than if they had the TT genotype (0.51 +/- 0.04 versus 0.56 +/- 0.06 and 0.51 +/- 0.05 versus 0.57 +/- 0.06, respectively) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that the influence of lifestyle on BMD differs according to VDR gene polymorphism in adult male workers.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the product of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting VDR. Pattern of fragments for the three possible genotypes after Taq I digestion of the PCR product, a 740-bp amplified region of the VDR gene. The 245-bp fragment is constant in all genotypes, being created by cleavage at a nonpolymorphic Taq I site within the range of amplification. Lane 1TT genotype (2 fragments of 495 and 245 bp), Lane 2tt genotype (3 fragments of 290, 245, and 205 bp), Lane 3Tt genotype (4 fragments of 495, 290, 245, and 205 bp)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Genotype frequencies of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism detected by Taq I digestion and mean bone mineral density ± standard deviation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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