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. 2009 Sep;124(3):895-902.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2015. Epub 2009 Aug 10.

Individual and social influences on progression to daily smoking during adolescence

Min Jung Kim  1 , Charles B Fleming, Richard F Catalano
Affiliations

Individual and social influences on progression to daily smoking during adolescence

Min Jung Kim et al. Pediatrics. 2009 Sep.

Abstract

Objectives: The goal was to identify individual and social predictors of progression to daily smoking by the end of high school among youths who initiated smoking by grade 8.

Methods: The analysis sample of 270 adolescent smokers was taken from the Raising Healthy Children project. Data were taken from annual interviews in grades 7 and 12. Daily smoking was defined as having smoked > or =1 cigarette per day in the past 30 days at the time of each interview. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to assess associations with individual, family, peer, and school predictors.

Results: A total of 58% (n = 156) of the analysis sample made the transition to daily smoking by grade 12. The likelihood of onset of daily smoking among those who had not yet demonstrated onset was smallest in grade 9 (probability: 0.12) and greatest in grade 12 (probability: 0.25). Youth depression, prosocial beliefs, and antisocial behavior had overall associations with risk of smoking escalation. In addition, parents' and peers' smoking, family management, academic grades, and school commitment had significant univariate associations with smoking progression. After adjustment for gender, low-income status, and other potential predictors, youths' antisocial behavior and parents' and peers' smoking predicted greater likelihood of escalation to daily smoking, whereas parental use of positive family management predicted lower likelihood of escalation.

Conclusions: This study supports preventing escalation in adolescent smoking by targeting parents' and peers' smoking and involvement in other forms of antisocial behavior and working with parents to improve their use of positive family management practices.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Statement: Richard F. Catalano is on the board of the Channing Bete Company, distributor of Guiding Good Choices ® and Supporting School Success ® . These programs were tested in the intervention described in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hazard and cumulative rates of progression to daily smoking
Figure 2
Figure 2
Predicted probability of smoking progression by family management and parent smoking status for youth having smoking peers and involved in the highest 25% of the antisocial behavior distribution
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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