Postsurgical recurrence of osteophytes causing dysphagia in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

Abstract

Although cervical anterior osteophytes accompanying diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are generally asymptomatic, large osteophytes sometimes cause swallowing disorders. Surgical resection of the osteophyte has been reported to be an effective treatment; however, little study has been given to the recurrences of osteophytes. A prospective study was performed for seven patients who underwent surgical resection of cervical anterior osteophytes for the treatment of recalcitrant dysphagia caused by osteophytes that accompanied DISH. The seven patients were six men and one woman ranging in age from 55 to 78 years (mean age = 65 years). After a mean postoperative follow-up period of 9 years (range: 6-13 years), surgical outcomes were evaluated by symptom severity and plain radiographs of the cervical spine. On all operated intervertebral segments, the effect of postoperative intervertebral mobility (range of movement > 1 degree) on the incidence of recurrent osteophytic formation (width > 2 mm) was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Complete relief of the dysphagia was obtained within one month postoperatively in five patients, while it was delayed for 3 months in two patients. All of the patients developed recurrent cervical osteophytic formation, with an average increase rate of approximately 1 mm/year following surgical resection. Of the 20 operated intervertebral segments, the incidence of recurrent osteophytes was significantly higher (P = 0.0013) in the 16 segments with mobility than in the four segments without mobility. Five of the seven patients remained asymptomatic, although radiological recurrence of osteophytes was seen at the final follow-up. The two remaining patients complained of moderate dysphagia 10 and 11 years after surgery, respectively; one of these two required re-operation due to progressive dysphagia 11 years postoperatively. In patients with cervical DISH and dysphagia, surgical resection of osteophytes resulted in a high likelihood of the recurrence of osteophytes. Therefore, attending surgeons should continue to follow these patients postoperatively for more than 10 years in order to assess the regrowth of osteophytes that may contribute to recurrent symptoms.

Fig. 1

The measurement for the size of the osteophytes. A straight line was drawn at the anterior margin of the vertebral body. Then, another line was drawn perpendicularly to the straight line at the vertebral anterior margin. Then, the distance between the tip of the osteophyte and the vertebral anterior margin was measured

Fig. 2

Case 1: a Preoperative lateral cervical spine X-ray film. b Immediately after surgery. c Eleven years after surgery

Fig. 3

Case 2: a Preoperative lateral cervical spine X-ray film. b Immediately after surgery. c Ten years after the first surgery. d Two years after the second surgery