[Side-effects of neuroleptics]

Abstract

Due to their pharmacological activity on various receptors, particularly dopaminergic, cholinergic and adrenergic ones, neuroleptics induce various side effects, central as well as peripheric. These side effects are of various nature: psychic and cognitive, neurologic affecting mostly the extrapyramidal system, neuroendocrinian and metabolic, as well as neurovegetative. Toxic manifestations, hepatic, hematologic and others, have been associated with their use, as well as a malignant syndrome that can be lethal. They also have a potential teratogenic action. Their main side effects are therefore described and discussed as to their physiopathology and treatment. Nevertheless, in spite of their various side effects, neuroleptics represent a valuable and effective tool in the treatment of various psychotic disorders, namely schizophrenia. Their main pharmacological property is their ability to induce extrapyramidal side effects. In this respect, the prophylactic administration of an antiparkinsonian agent remains a controversial issue. Finally, the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia has given rise to civil litigation and ethical considerations should be borne in mind in their use.