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. 2008 Feb;5(2):38-41.

Prevalence and risk factors for depression and anxiety in hospitalized cardiac patients in pakistan

Imtiaz Ahmad Dogar  1 , Imran S Khawaja, Muhammad Waqar Azeem, Huma Awan, Afshan Ayub, Javed Iqbal, Paul Thuras
Affiliations

Prevalence and risk factors for depression and anxiety in hospitalized cardiac patients in pakistan

Imtiaz Ahmad Dogar et al. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2008 Feb.

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for depression and anxiety in hospitalized cardiac patients in Pakistan.

Methods: All patients admitted to a cardiac unit of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan over a period of eight weeks were evaluated with clinical interview using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Quality of Life (QoL) scale.

Results: One hundred patients entered the study. Sixty eight met the criteria for either major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or both. A total of 87.5 percent of the entire female sample met the criteria for either a depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder or both. Patients with higher scores on HADS anxiety subscale had longer duration of cardiac illness. Patients with depression and anxiety had poor quality of life on the four domains of QoL scale.

Conclusions: This study shows high prevalence of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in cardiac patients in Pakistan. Being female, a housewife, and a widow are high risk factors for developing depression and/or anxiety in this population, requiring close monitoring.

Keywords: Pakistan; anxiety; cardiovascular disease; depression; generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder.

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