Bleeding risk during oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients older than 80 years

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the rate of bleeding in relation to age (<80 and > or =80 years), the quality of anticoagulation (expressed as time spent in international normalized ratio therapeutic range), and factors associated with bleeding events.

Background: Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increasingly crucial public health target, particularly in patients ages > or =80 years.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on 783 patients with AF on oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT).

Results: Patients spent a median 14%, 71%, and 15% of time below, within, and above the intended therapeutic range, respectively. No difference in OAT quality was found between patients age <80 and > or =80 years. During follow-up, 94 patients experienced bleeding complications (rate 3.7 x 100 patient/years), 37 major (rate 1.4 x 100 patient/years), and 57 minor (rate 2.2 x 100 patient/years). Different rates of major hemorrhage were observed between patients age <80 and > or =80 years (0.9 vs. 1.9 x 100 patient/years; p = 0.004). Bleeding risk also was greater in patients with a history of previous cerebral ischemic event (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 4.8; p = 0.007). A Cox regression analysis confirmed age > or =80 years associated with bleeding risk (OR: 2.0).

Conclusions: These results indicate that the rate of major bleeding complications may be kept acceptably low also in very elderly AF patients on OAT, provided a careful management of anticoagulation is obtained.