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. 2010 Feb-Mar;55(2-3):653-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.08.018. Epub 2009 Sep 6.

Identification of okadaic acid production in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum rhathymum from Florida Bay

Tianying An  1 , Jamie Winshell, Gloria Scorzetti, Jack W Fell, Kathleen S Rein
Affiliations

Identification of okadaic acid production in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum rhathymum from Florida Bay

Tianying An et al. Toxicon. 2010 Feb-Mar.

Abstract

Extracts of fifty-seven newly isolated strains of dinoflagellates and raphidophytes were screened for protein phosphatase (PP2A) inhibition. Five strains, identified by rDNA sequence analysis as Prorocentrum rhathymum, tested positive and the presence of okadaic acid was confirmed in one strain by HPLC-MS/MS and by HPLC with fluorescence detection and HPLC-MS of the okadaic acid ADAM derivative. Quantitation of the ADAM derivative indicated that the concentration of okadaic acid in the culture medium is 0.153 microg/L.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
LSU D1D2 rRNA phylogenetic tree comprising studied strains and related GenBank sequences. The tree was constructed with likelihood analysis in heuristic search (stepwise-addition option with 1000 replicates). Bootstrap values were reported on branches when higher than 50%. Sequences for Prorocentrum minimum and Prorocentrum donghiae were used as outgroup.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A. The chromatogram of P. rhathymum extract monitored for m/z 803.5. B. MS spectrum of 14.39 min. peak from Fig. 2A. C. The LC-MS/MSof the m/z 803.5 ion as the precursor. D. HPLC-FLD analysis for reaction of “in situ” ADAM reagent system with 8.65 ng of an okadaic acid standard. E. HPLC-FLD analysis for reaction of “in situ” ADAM reagent system with P. rhathymum supernatant extract. F. Total ion chromatogram (TIC) of the “in situ” ADAM reaction of P. rhathymum supernatant extract. G. MS spectrum of 25.94 min. peak from Fig. 2F.
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