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Review
. 2009 Dec 1;587(Pt 23):5577-84.
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.179283. Epub 2009 Sep 7.

Genetic basis of inter-individual variability in the effects of exercise on the alleviation of lifestyle-related diseases

Masayuki Mori  1 , Keiichi Higuchi, Akihiro Sakurai, Yasuharu Tabara, Tetsuro Miki, Hiroshi Nose
Affiliations
Review

Genetic basis of inter-individual variability in the effects of exercise on the alleviation of lifestyle-related diseases

Masayuki Mori et al. J Physiol. .

Abstract

Habitual exercise training, including a high-intensity interval walking programme, improves cardiorespiratory fitness and alleviates lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. However, the extent of improvement has been shown to differ substantially among individuals for various exercise regimens. A body of literature has demonstrated that gene polymorphisms could account for the inter-individual variability in the improvement of risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases following exercise training. However, the fractions of the variability explained by the polymorphisms are small (5%). Also, it is likely that the effects of gene polymorphisms differ with exercise regimens and subject characteristics. These observations suggest the necessity for further studies to exhaustively identify such gene polymorphisms. More importantly, the physiological and molecular genetic mechanisms by which gene polymorphisms interact with exercise to influence the improvements of risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases differentially remain to be clarified. A better understanding of these issues should lead to more effective integration of exercise to optimize the treatment and management of individuals with lifestyle-related diseases.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Distribution of change score in(n= 217), body mass index in obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2; n= 57) and systolic blood pressure in hypertensive subjects (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg; n= 82) after 10 months of high-intensity interval walking exercise training
Grey bars represent subjects with improvement, whereas open bars represent subjects with no change or aggravation.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Association of a SNP rs1042713 in the ADRB2 genes and change in BMI in obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2; n = 57) after 10 months of high-intensity interval walking training
Stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed. This figure shows the result drawn by a simple linear regression analysis. Average initial values for BMI and energy expenditure from high-intensity walking were not statistically different between genotypes. The change score in BMI was not correlated with age or initial BMI value.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proposed model of allele–exercise interaction for alleviation of lifestyle-related diseases
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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