Primary low-grade and high-grade gastric MALT-lymphoma presentation

Abstract

Goal: To assess the clinical and endoscopic presentation of primary gastric lymphoma.

Background: Remission rate and long-term survival in patients with gastric lymphoma mainly depend on disease stage at diagnosis. Series reporting clinical and endoscopic presentation of gastric lymphoma are generally small and heterogeneous.

Study: Systematic review with pooled-data analysis assessing clinical and endoscopic presentation of primary gastric lymphoma.

Results: Data regarding 2000 patients were collected. Overall, males were slightly more prevalent, alarm symptoms were absent in near half of the patients, lymphoma was diagnosed in a stage >I in one-third of the patients, and Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 88.8% of considered patients. At endoscopy, the ulcerative type was the most frequent presentation, although low-grade lymphoma was diagnosed on normal/hyperemic gastric mucosa in 9% of cases. Patients with high-grade lymphoma presented alarm symptoms (anemia and/or melena and/or hemorrhage, persistent vomiting, weight loss), an exophytic or ulcerative lesion, a stage III-IV, and a H. pylori negative status more frequently than low-grade lymphoma cases.

Conclusions: Our pooled-data analysis showed that gastric lymphoma is still disappointingly diagnosed in an advanced stage in a large number of patients. This is probably due to presence of nonspecific symptoms at initial clinical presentation and/or a normal appearing mucosa at endoscopic observation in the early stages.