Pathological study of primary cardiac and pericardial tumours in a specialist UK Centre: surgical and autopsy series

Abstract

Background: Primary cardiac and pericardial tumours are rare with a prevalence of between 0.001% and 0.3%. Thus, general pathologists are not familiar with them. Modern advances in cardiac imaging have increased the number of patients identified with a primary cardiac tumour in its early stage and also improved prognosis. At the Royal Brompton Hospital, London, we did a retrospective study to investigate the pathological features of primary cardiac and pericardial tumours and compared our findings to other cardiac centres.

Methods: All pathologic records at the Royal Brompton Hospital between 1990 and 2008 were reviewed to identify patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary cardiac tumours. A total of 94 patients with a histological diagnosis of primary cardiac and pericardial tumours were identified and formed the study population.

Results: The majority (n=67, 71.3%) of cases were benign cardiac tumours. Myxoma was the most common histologic type accounting for 27 cases. Among cases with primary malignant tumours (n=27, 28.7%), unclassified sarcoma (n=11), leiomyosarcoma (n=5), and lymphoma (n=4) were the most common histologic types.

Conclusion: This study, primarily from an adult setting (n=78, 83%) demonstrates a large spectrum of cardiac tumours seen in recent cardiologic practice. Myxoma is still the most common tumour but more fibroelastomas are being diagnosed due to increased imaging.