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Review
. 2009;9(10):903-12.

Cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson disease

James B Leverenz  1 , Joseph F Quinn, Cyrus Zabetian, Jing Zhang, Kathleen S Montine, Thomas J Montine
Affiliations
Review

Cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson disease

James B Leverenz et al. Curr Top Med Chem. 2009.

Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is an already prevalent neurodegenerative disease that is poised to at least double over the next 25 years. Although best known for its characteristic movement disorder, PD is now appreciated commonly to cause cognitive impairment, including dementia, and behavioral changes. Dementia in patients with PD is consequential and has been associated with reduced quality of life, shortened survival, and increased caregiver distress. Here we review clinical presentation and progression, pathological bases, identification of genetic risk factors, development of small molecule biomarkers, and emerging treatments for cognitive impairment in patients with PD.

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Figures

Diagram 1
Diagram 1. Convergent paths for cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with
Abbreviations: a (amnestic), CIND (cognitive impairment, no dementia), D (dementia), IsoPs (isoprostanes), LRP (Lewy-related pathology that includes Lewy bodies and SNCA-immunoreactive filamentous structures as described in [26]), n (non-amnestic), PD (Parkinson disease), P-taus (phosphorylated tau isoforms)
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