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. 2009 Nov;90(5):1303-13.
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27416. Epub 2009 Sep 16.

Perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity and metabolic dysregulation

Patrick M Catalano  1 , Kristen Farrell, Alicia Thomas, Larraine Huston-Presley, Patricia Mencin, Sylvie Hauguel de Mouzon, Saeid B Amini
Affiliations

Perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity and metabolic dysregulation

Patrick M Catalano et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Childhood obesity has increased significantly in recent decades.

Objective: The objective was to examine the perinatal risk factors related to childhood obesity.

Design: In a prospective study, 89 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their offspring were evaluated at birth and at 8.8 +/- 1.8 y. At birth, obstetrical data, parental anthropometric measures, and neonatal body composition were assessed; at follow-up, diet and activity were assessed and laboratory studies were conducted. Weight was classified by using weight for age and sex, and body composition was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In childhood, data were analyzed as tertiles and prediction models were developed by using logistic and stepwise regression.

Results: No significant differences in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weight percentiles, body composition, and most metabolic measures were observed between children of mothers with NGT and GDM at follow-up. Children in the upper tertile for weight had greater energy intake (P = 0.02), skinfold thickness (P = 0.0001), and leptin concentrations (P < 0.0001) than did those in tertiles 1 and 2. Children in the upper tertile for percentage body fat had greater waist circumference (P = 0.0001), insulin resistance (P = 0.002), and triglyceride (P = 0.009) and leptin (P = 0.0001) concentrations than did children in tertiles 1 and 2. The correlation between body fat at birth and follow-up was r = 0.29 (P = 0.02). The strongest perinatal predictor for a child in the upper tertile for weight was maternal pregravid body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) >30 (odds ratio: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.39, 10.10; P = 0.009) and for percentage body fat was maternal pregravid BMI >30 (odds ratio: 5.45; 95% CI: 1.62, 18.41; P = 0.006).

Conclusion: Maternal pregravid BMI, independent of maternal glucose status or birth weight, was the strongest predictor of childhood obesity.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Correlation between percentage body fat in neonates at birth and percentage body fat in children at follow-up. r = 0.29, P = 0.02 (n = 63).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Correlation between birth weight and weight at follow-up in the children. r = 0.03, P = 0.79 (n = 89).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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