Adolescent male Wistar rats are more responsive than adult rats to the conditioned rewarding effects of intravenously administered nicotine in the place conditioning procedure

Abstract

The initiation of smoking typically begins during adolescence, suggesting that nicotine may have different motivational effects during this developmental stage compared to adulthood. Studies using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure have demonstrated that adolescent rats are more sensitive to the conditioned rewarding effects of subcutaneously administered nicotine compared to adult rats, whereas intravenous self-administration studies have not demonstrated consistent age differences in the reinforcing effects of nicotine. This study was designed to evaluate if intravenously administered nicotine has age-dependent conditioned rewarding effects. Using an unbiased CPP procedure, adolescent and adult male Wistar rats were conditioned with one of two intravenous doses of nicotine that are sufficient to maintain self-administration (0.03 or 0.06 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) over a period of 8 conditioning trials (4 nicotine and 4 vehicle). Adolescent rats conditioned with 0.03 mg/kg nicotine demonstrated a significant CPP, whereas adult rats did not at either dose tested. After 8 extinction trials, reinstatement of the CPP was observed following a nicotine priming injection (0.15 mg/kg, s.c.) in adolescents that had previously been conditioned with 0.03 mg/kg nicotine; vehicle-treated rats did not show a significant preference for either compartment. The present data are consistent with previous CPP studies using subcutaneously administered nicotine and suggest that passively administered intravenous nicotine is more rewarding in adolescent compared to adult rats.