Duration of red blood cell storage is associated with increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis and in hospital mortality in patients with traumatic injuries

Abstract

Introduction: In critically ill patients the relationship between the storage age of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused and outcomes are controversial. To determine if duration of RBC storage is associated with adverse outcomes we studied critically ill trauma patients requiring transfusion.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with traumatic injuries transfused >or=5 RBC units. Patients transfused >or= 1 unit of RBCs with a maximum storage age of up to 27 days were compared with those transfused 1 or more RBC units with a maximum storage age of >or= 28 days. These study groups were also matched by RBC amount (+/- 1 unit) transfused. Primary outcomes were deep vein thrombosis and in-hospital mortality.

Results: Two hundred and two patients were studied with 101 in both decreased and increased RBC age groups. No differences in admission vital signs, laboratory values, use of DVT prophylaxis, blood products or Injury Severity Scores were measured between study groups. In the decreased compared with increased RBC storage age groups, deep vein thrombosis occurred in 16.7% vs 34.5%, (P = 0.006), and mortality was 13.9% vs 26.7%, (P = 0.02), respectively. Patients transfused RBCs of increased storage age had an independent association with mortality, OR (95% CI), 4.0 (1.34 - 11.61), (P = 0.01), and had an increased incidence of death from multi-organ failure compared with the decreased RBC age group, 16% vs 7%, respectively, (P = 0.037).

Conclusions: In trauma patients transfused >/=5 units of RBCs, transfusion of RBCs >or= 28 days of storage may be associated with deep vein thrombosis and death from multi-organ failure.

Figure 1

Frequency of patients transfused by total amount of RBCs for both study groups. RBC = red blood cells.

Figure 2

Kaplan Meier Curve of trauma associated survival over 180 days for patients transfused fresh and old RBCs. RBC: red blood cells.

Figure 3

The relation between in-hospital mortality and the amount of RBC units transfused at 28 or more days of storage in patients transfused 5 or more units of RBCs. RBC: red blood cells.

Figure 4

Flow diagram of describing potential mechanism of how old RBCs increase risk of multi-organ failure via inflammatory and coagulation pathways. ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; MI: myocardial infarction; RBC: red blood cells.