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. 2009 Sep 29;19(18):R840-5.
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.004.

The fungi

Jason E Stajich  1 , Mary L Berbee, Meredith Blackwell, David S Hibbett, Timothy Y James, Joseph W Spatafora, John W Taylor
Affiliations

The fungi

Jason E Stajich et al. Curr Biol. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The fungi. Phylogenetic tree, based on [4], showing relationships of many of the fungal lineages fit to geologic time using the program r8s [73] and considering Paleopyrenomycites to be a member of the Ascomycota [3]. Arrows depict changes in morphology including the major loss of the flagellum, transition of mitotic sporangia to mitotic conidia, invention of regular septa, and meiotic sporangia to external meiospores. The blocks indicate branches where most members have multicellular differentiated tissues. The phylogenetic position of the Microsporidia is not confidently resolved as indicated by the dotted line.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cellular structures of unicellular and multicellular fungi A. Rozella allomycis resistant sporangia formed inside hyphae of the host Allomyces sp. (photomicrograph from T.Y. James). B. Chytriomyces hyalinus (Chytridiomycota) sporangium showing the anucleate hyphae (rhizoids) essential for feeding the growing, spherical sporangium. C. Blastocladiella simplex (Blastocladiomycota) zoospore with flagellum (arrow). D. Coemansia sp. (Kickellomycotina) hypha with regular septa (arrows). E. Amoebophilus simplex (Zoopagomycotina) on its amoeba host. Note the haustorium below the primary attack spore that initiated the infection. The primary attack spore and haustorium become the body from which chains of spores develop (photomicrograph from G.L. Barron) F. Valsaria rubricosa (Pezizomycotina) asci (meiocytes) at various stages of maturity, indicated by the increasing melanization of the ascospores. (photomicrograph from S.M. Huhndorf) G. Auriscalpium vulgare (Agaricomycotina) hyphal septum with associated membranes (arrows) that regulate the flow of cytoplasm and organelles through the central pore. (TEM with permission from Celio GJ, Padamsee M, Dentinger BTM, Josephsen KA, Jenkinson TS, McLaughlin EG, McLaughlin DJ. Septal pore apparatus and nuclear division of Auriscalpium vulgare. Mycologia 2007; 99:644–654). H. Aspergillus nidulans (Pezizomycotina) hyphal septum with Woronin bodies that can plug the pore when hyphae are damaged. (TEM with permission from Momany, M., Richardson EA, Van Sickle C, Jedd G. Mapping Woronin body position in Aspergillus nidulans. Mycologia 2002; 94:260–266.) I. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Pezizomycotina) fruiting body showing the capacity of fungi to make a multicellular structure with differentiated tissues: Pseudoparenchymatous cortex (i), hyphal medulla (ii) and meiocytes (asci) and supporting hyphae in the hymenium (iii). (photomicrograph from J. Rollins) J. Coprinopsis cinerea (Agaricomycotina) basidium with a mature basidiospore developing on one of four sterigma that emerge from the basidium. This partially frozen-hydrated specimen shows Buller’s drop of liquid developing at the base of the basidiospore, which is essential to spore discharge. (SEM with permission from McLaughlin DJ, Beckett A, Yoon KS. Ultrastructure and evolution of ballistosporic basidiospores. Bot J Linnean Society 1985; 91:253–271)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Stajich JE. Fungal Genome Links. 2009 http://fungalgenomes.org/wiki/Fungal_Genome_Links.
    1. Liolios K, Mavromatis K, Tavernarakis N, Kyrpides NC. The Genomes On Line Database (GOLD) in 2007: status of genomic and metagenomic projects and their associated metadata. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36:D475–D479. - PMC - PubMed
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