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. 2009 Sep;45(2):111-24.
doi: 10.3164/jcbn.R09-66. Epub 2009 Aug 28.

Bioimaging probes for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species

Tetsuo Nagano  1
Affiliations

Bioimaging probes for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species

Tetsuo Nagano. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2009 Sep.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in many pathogenic processes, including carcinogenesis, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and signal transduction. Also, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) cause various biological events such as neurodegenerative disorders. Sensitive and specific detection methods for ROS and RNS in biological samples should be useful for elucidation of biological events both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescent probes based on small organic molecules have become indispensable tools in modern biology because they provide dynamic information concerning the localization and quantity of biological molecules of interest, without the need of genetic engineering of the sample. In this review, we recount some recent achievements in the field of small molecular fluorescent probes. First, the probes for nitric oxide and peroxynitrite as RNS are introduced and the probes of hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous and singlet oxygen as ROS are discussed, based on the fluorescence off/on switching mechanisms including photoinduced electron transfer and spirocyclization processes, and with some applications for in vitro and in vivo systems.

Keywords: bioimaging probe; fluorescence; photoinduced electron transfer; reactive nitrogen species; reactive oxygen species.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Reaction of DAN with NO to form NAT in the presence of O2 in neutral buffer
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Structures of DAF compounds
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structures of DAR compounds
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Structure of DCl-DA Cal compound
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Structure of DAMBO-PH compound
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Various NO probes with different emission wavelengths
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Structures of DAC compounds
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Structures of fluorophores with nitro functional group
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Structures of NiSPY compounds
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Structures of HPF and APF
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Structure of APC
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Structures of MitoAR and MitoHR and reaction with hROS
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
Structure of DPAXs and DMAX compounds
Fig. 14
Fig. 14
Structure of HySOx and reaction with HOCl to produce HySO3H
Fig. 15
Fig. 15
Bioimaging probes for ROS and RNS
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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