[Brain abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes in adults: six cases and review of the literature]

Abstract

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacillus, with special tropism for the central nervous system (CNS). Brain abscess caused by Listeria has not been extensively studied, although it accounts for 10% of CNS infections due to this microorganism.

Methods: We present 6 patients with Listeria brain abscess consecutively admitted to Bellvitge University Hospital over the last 7 years. A literature review covering 40 years retrieved 70 patients with Listeria brain abscess. The epidemiologic, clinical, microbiological, and radiological findings related to this entity, and the outcome features are described.

Results: Brain abscess due to Listeria has a poor prognosis and is associated with elevated mortality.

Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is needed to reach an early diagnosis and establish appropriate antibiotic treatment, which will improve the outcome of this condition. Suspicion is based on the presence of fever and neurological symptoms, particularly in immunodepressed or diabetic patients.