Mast cells in atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Mast cells play as the major effector cells in immediate hypersensitivity through activation via the high-affinity IgE receptor, Fc epsilon RI, although many other functions have recently been discovered for this cell type. Given the broad array of proinflammatory mediators secreted from Fc epsilon RI-activated mast cells, as well as sensitization to allergens, IgE elevation, and increased mast cells in a majority of atopic dermatitis patients, mast cells are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Numerous animal models have been used to study this epidemic disease. Here we review the recent progress to synthesize our current understanding of this disease and potential mechanisms for a mast cell's role in the disease.

Figure 1

Mast cells secrete a wide array of preformed and de novo synthesized proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators upon stimulation by IgE and antigen or other stimuli. The mediators may contribute to various aspects of systemic and local immune responses in AD.

Figure 2

Schematic showing some major cellular and molecular components that are involved in AD pathogenesis. Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Di Cesare et al. [112], copyright (2008).↑