Induction of G1 arrest in glioma cells by T11TS is associated with upregulation of Cip1/Kip1 and concurrent downregulation of cyclin D (1 and 3)

Abstract

In our laboratory, a novel therapeutic probe, T11TS, a membrane glycoprotein, was isolated which had antineoplastic activity against experimental glioma. Development of a novel therapeutic strategy with T11TS has unearthed a newer dimension of its mechanism of action: modulation of the cell cycle. In this study, we have presented evidence to support the finding that T11TS induces G1 cell cycle arrest of rat glioma cells. Results of flow cytometric studies showed that the treatment produced a marked increase in the proportion of cells in the G1 phase. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and kinase assays were performed for investigating the involvement of G1 cell cycle regulators. T11TS induces downregulation of the cyclin-D (1 and 3) expression with the concurrent upregulation of p21 and p27 and their concomitant association with cyclin-dependent kinase 4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin E respectively leading to a decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase 4 kinase activity. A transient rise in retinoblastoma protein level and coordinated binding of retinoblastoma protein with E2F coincided with the accumulation of cells in G1 phase. Thus, our observations have uncovered an antiproliferative pathway for T11TS, causing retardation of glioma cell cycle.