Dopamine receptors modulate ethanol's locomotor-activating effects in preweanling rats

Abstract

Near the end of the second postnatal week motor activity is increased soon after ethanol administration (2.5 g/kg) while sedation-like effects prevail when blood ethanol levels reach peak values. This time course coincides with biphasic reinforcement (appetitive and aversive) effects of ethanol determined at the same age. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that ethanol-induced activity during early development in the rat depends on the dopamine system, which is functional in modulating motor activity early in ontogeny. Experiments 1a and 1b tested ethanol-induced activity (0 or 2.5 g/kg) after a D1-like (SCH23390; 0, .015, .030, or .060 mg/kg) or a D2-like (sulpiride; 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) receptor antagonist, respectively. Ethanol-induced stimulation was suppressed by SCH23390 or sulpiride. The dopaminergic antagonists had no effect on blood ethanol concentration (Experiments 2a and 2b). In Experiment 3, 2.5 g/kg ethanol increased dopamine concentration in striatal tissue as well as locomotor activity in infant Wistar rats. Adding to our previous results showing a reduction in ethanol induced activity by a GABA B agonist or a nonspecific opioid antagonist, the present experiments implicate both D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors in ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation during early development. According to these results, the same mechanisms that modulate ethanol-mediated locomotor stimulation in adult rodents seem to regulate this particular ethanol effect in the infant rat.

Figure 1

Locomotor activity scores as a function of ethanol (0 or 2.5 g/kg) and SCH23390 (0, 0.015, 0.03 or 0.06 mg/kg) treatments. Vertical lines illustrate standard errors of the means. * p < 0.05 versus 2.5 g/kg EtOH and 0 mg/kg SCH23390; # p < 0.05 versus 0 g/kg EtOH and 0 mg/kg SCH23390.

Figure 2

Locomotor activity scores as a function of ethanol (0 or 2.5 g/kg) and sulpiride (0, 5, 10 pr 20 mg/kg) treatments. Vertical lines illustrate standard errors of the means. * p < 0.05 versus 2.5 g/kg EtOH and 0 mg/kg sulpiride; # p < 0.05 versus 0 g/kg EtOH and 0 mg/kg sulpiride.

Figure 3

Locomotor activity as a function of the ethanol dose (0 or 2.5 g/kg). Vertical lines illustrate standard errors of the means. * p < 0.05 versus 2.5 g/kg EtOH.

Figure 4

Striatal dopamine concentration (picomoles/mg tissue) as a function of ethanol treatment (0 or 2.5 g/kg). * p < 0.05 versus 2.5 g/kg EtOH.