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. 2009 Sep 21:3:24.
doi: 10.3389/neuro.09.024.2009. eCollection 2009.

Memory suppression is an active process that improves over childhood

Pedro M Paz-Alonso  1 , Simona Ghetti, Bryan J Matlen, Michael C Anderson, Silvia A Bunge
Affiliations

Memory suppression is an active process that improves over childhood

Pedro M Paz-Alonso et al. Front Hum Neurosci. .

Abstract

We all have memories that we prefer not to think about. The ability to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories has been documented in behavioral and neuroimaging research using the Think/No-Think (TNT) paradigm with adults. Attempts to stop memory retrieval are associated with increased activation of lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and concomitant reduced activation in medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures. However, the extent to which children have the ability to actively suppress their memories is unknown. This study investigated memory suppression in middle childhood using the TNT paradigm. Forty children aged 8-12 and 30 young adults were instructed either to remember (Think) or suppress (No-Think) the memory of the second word of previously studied word-pairs, when presented with the first member as a reminder. They then performed two different cued recall tasks, testing their memory for the second word in each pair after the TNT phase using the same first studied word within the pair as a cue (intra-list cue) and also an independent cue (extra-list cue). Children exhibited age-related improvements in memory suppression from age 8 to 12 in both memory tests, against a backdrop of overall improvements in declarative memory over this age range. These findings suggest that memory suppression is an active process that develops during late childhood, likely due to an age-related refinement in the ability to engage PFC to down-regulate activity in areas involved in episodic retrieval.

Keywords: childhood; cognitive development; episodic retrieval; inhibition; medial temporal lobe; memory suppression; prefrontal cortex.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Depiction of the three main phases of the TNT procedure: Study-feedback phase, TNT phase, and memory test phase (SP and IP).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percent recalled for the SP and IP memory tests as a function of age and condition.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlations between children's age and performance. Negative correlation between children's age and memory for the to-be-suppressed minus baseline items in the SP (A) and IP (B) tests; Positive association between children's age and percent of recall for Think and Baseline conditions averaged together in the SP (C) and IP (D) tests.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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