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. 2010 Mar;72(2):228-37.
doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.09.007. Epub 2009 Oct 21.

Evidence for specificity of ERP abnormalities during response inhibition in ADHD children: a comparison with reading disorder children without ADHD

Mario Liotti  1 , Steven R Pliszka, Kellie Higgins, Ricardo Perez 3rd, Margaret Semrud-Clikeman
Affiliations

Evidence for specificity of ERP abnormalities during response inhibition in ADHD children: a comparison with reading disorder children without ADHD

Mario Liotti et al. Brain Cogn. 2010 Mar.

Abstract

Executive function and working memory deficits are not only present in ADHD, but also in reading disorder (RD). Here, high-density ERPs were recorded during the Stop Signal Task in 53 children and adolescents: An ADHD-combined type group, a group with RD, and a healthy control group. The ADHD-C group displayed unique abnormalities of the frontal N200. Both healthy controls and RD groups showed a success-related right frontal N200 modulation, which was absent in the ADHD group. Second, for Success Inhibition trials, the ADHD-C had smaller right frontal N200 waves relative to healthy controls, while the RD group did not. In contrast, NoGo-P3 abnormalities were present both in the ADHD-C and RD groups. Impaired early response inhibition mechanisms, indexed by the frontal N200, appear to be limited to ADHD-C. In contrast, deficits in later cognitive control and error monitoring mechanisms, indexed by the NoGo-P3, appear to be present in both conditions.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Grandaverage ERP waveforms time-locked to the Stop Signal for Successful Inhibitions (top) and Failed Inhibitions (bottom) at 20 representative scalp sites over frontal, central and parietal scalp sites for the Control Group (in purple), the ADHD Group (in green) and the Reading Disorder Group (in blue).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Topographic maps of the N200 wave (175-225 ms) to the Stop Signal for Successful Inhibitions (SI) illustrating the N200 group effects. Top: Scalp distribution of the N200 mean voltage amplitude in μV for the Control Group (Left), the ADHD Group (center) and the RD Group (right). Bottom: Scalp distribution of F-values in the contrast of Controls versus ADHD (left) and Controls versus RD (right). Maps are the result of omnibus F-tests at each scalp sensor, uncorrected for multiple comparisons. Note the presence of a significant right frontal N200 reduction in the ADHD group only.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Topographic maps of the NoGo-P3 to Failed Inhibitions (300-400 ms), illustrating the main NoGo-P3 group effects. Top: Scalp distribution of the NoGo-P3 mean voltage amplitude in μV for the Control Group (Left), the ADHD Group (center) and the RD Group (right). Bottom: Scalp distribution of F-values in the contrast of Controls versus ADHD (left) and Controls versus RD (right). Maps are the result of omnibus F-tests at each scalp sensor, uncorrected for multiple comparisons. Note significant fronto-central NoGO-P3 reductions in both ADHD and RD groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Top: NoGo-P3 Mean voltage amplitude of the NoGo-P3 (300-400 over frontocentral (anterior ROI) scalp for Successful Inhibitions (SI) and Failed Inhibitions (FI) over the left and right frontal ROI for the Control, ADHD and RD groups. *: p<0.05.
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