Osteoporosis, the risk of vertebral fracture, and periodontal disease in an elderly group in Mexico City

Abstract

Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify the possible association of osteoporosis, fracture risk and periodontitis, and consider the role of pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis and the periodontal condition.

Methods: Patients aged 60 and older from the Mexican National Medical Science and Nutrition Institute Salvador Zubirán participated in the study. DXA was used to assess osteoporosis and risk of vertebral fracture. A modified version of the extent and severity index (ESI) was applied to evaluate periodontitis (cut-off point for attachment loss ≥ 4 mm) and all teeth were examined.

Results: One hundred and sixty-six patients were examined, 88.6% were females, 47.0% had osteoporosis and 38.6% showed a high risk of fracture. The modified ESI was 5.13 mm (SD 1.4), 57.8% (SD 29.7). The model for periodontitis severity showed an association with oral hygiene (OR = 1.85) and use of osteoporosis medication (OR = 0.43). The model for the extent of periodontitis identified an association with smoking (OR = 2.37), osteoporosis (OR = 1.82) and osteoporosis medication (OR = 0.36). The model for tooth loss detected an association with fracture risk (OR = 3.02) and osteoporosis medication (OR = 0.33).

Conclusion: Periodontitis extent was associated with osteoporosis, and tooth loss with fracture risk.