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. 2008 Mar;2(2):194-200.
doi: 10.1177/193229680800200204.

Automated blood sampling and glucose sensing in critical care settings

Kislaya Kunjan  1 , Frank P Lloyd
Affiliations

Automated blood sampling and glucose sensing in critical care settings

Kislaya Kunjan et al. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Tight glycemic control (TGC) studies in intensive care units (ICU) have shown substantial improvements in clinical outcomes. However, implementation of TGC in ICU practice is partly constrained by the lack of automated continuous blood glucose monitoring systems that can facilitate clinically accurate feedback of glycemic data. The aim of this work is to develop a portable automated blood sampling system for integration with a glucose sensor for use in critical care settings.

Methods: clinical prototypes for glucose sensing in blood were developed based on two distinct technologies: mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Concurrently, an automated peripheral venous blood sampling system was developed for integration with the glucose sensing system.

Results: The glucose sensing prototypes were validated clinically with various biological samples in a continuous mode. A customized micropump was employed in conjunction with a novel peripheral venous catheter system to automatically sample blood from the subject's forearm. Microvolumes of blood were sampled in continuous and intermittent modes at clinically relevant user-defined frequencies. The clinical feasibility of blood sampling, along with continuous glucose sensing, was demonstrated.

Conclusion: Cascade's automated peripheral venous blood sampling system, in combination with a flow-through glucose sensor system, offers several advantages over current state-of-the-art systems. This includes the potential for significantly improved workflow in the ICU, minimal discomfort to the patient, and accurate glucose measurement in whole blood, thus helping achieve tight glycemic control.

Keywords: automated blood sampling; continuous glucose monitoring; mid-infrared quantum cascade laser spectroscopy; tight glycemic control.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
FTIR spectral studies of glucose and common spectral interferents.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Clinical results with a thermal light source-based mid-infrared sensor system.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Schematic of the mid-infrared optoelectronic setup.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Real-time monitoring of glucose spiked in human serum (top) and whole blood (bottom).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Microfluidic amperometric flow sensor.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Amperometric flow sensor response with different glucose concentrations (mg/dl).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Automated blood glucose measurements using a needle-type glucose sensor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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