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. 2009 Dec;11(12):1433-7.
doi: 10.1038/ncb1991. Epub 2009 Nov 8.

A subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum forms a cradle for autophagosome formation

Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino  1 , Naonobu Fujita, Takeshi Noda, Akihito Yamaguchi, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Akitsugu Yamamoto
Affiliations

A subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum forms a cradle for autophagosome formation

Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Dec.

Abstract

Autophagy is a bulk degradation process in eukaryotic cells and has fundamental roles in cellular homeostasis.The origin and source of autophagosomal membranes are long-standing questions in the field. Using electron microscopy, we show that, in mammalian culture cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associates with early autophagic structures called isolation membranes (IMs). Overexpression of an Atg4B mutant, which causes defects in autophagosome formation, induces the accumulation of ER-IM complexes. Electron tomography revealed that the ER-IM complex appears as a subdomain of the ER that formed a cradle encircling the IM, and showed that both ER and isolation membranes are interconnected.

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