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Review
. 2009 Dec;67(6):475-83.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.010.

The international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome: a cross-cultural perspective

Mary May Robertson  1 , Valsamma Eapen, Andrea Eugenio Cavanna
Affiliations
Review

The international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome: a cross-cultural perspective

Mary May Robertson et al. J Psychosom Res. 2009 Dec.

Abstract

The overall international prevalence of Tourette syndrome (TS) is 1% in the majority of cultures of the world. Both TS and tics are certainly more obvious and may be more common in younger people. Moreover, TS is seen less frequently in some cultures. However, in all cultures where it has been reported, the phenomenology is similar, highlighting the biological underpinnings of the disorder. This article reviews the international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of TS, from a cross-cultural perspective.

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