Prediction of post-operative necrosis after mastectomy: a pilot study utilizing optical diffusion imaging spectroscopy

Abstract

Introduction: Flap necrosis and epidermolysis occurs in 18-30% of all mastectomies. Complications may be prevented by intra-operative detection of ischemia. Currently, no technique enables quantitative valuation of mastectomy skin perfusion. Optical Diffusion Imaging Spectroscopy (ViOptix T.Ox Tissue Oximeter) measures the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin over a 1 x 1 cm area to obtain a non-invasive measurement of perfusion (StO2).

Methods: This study evaluates the ability of ViOptix T.Ox Tissue Oximeter to predict mastectomy flap necrosis. StO2 measurements were taken at five points before and at completion of dissection in 10 patients. Data collected included: demographics, tumor size, flap length/thickness, co-morbidities, procedure length, and wound complications.

Results: One patient experienced mastectomy skin flap necrosis. Five patients underwent immediate reconstruction, including the patient with necrosis. Statistically significant factors contributing to necrosis included reduction in medial flap StO2 (p = 0.0189), reduction in inferior flap StO2 (p = 0.003), and flap length (p = 0.009).

Conclusion: StO2 reductions may be utilized to identify impaired perfusion in mastectomy skin flaps.

Figure 1

Cardinal points of measurement pre-operatively.

Figure 2

A patient with significant intraoperative decrease in StO₂. Decreases were: 53%, 69%, 61%, and 32% at superior, inferior, medial, and lateral, respectively.