Metabolic syndrome components in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease

Abstract

Background: The aim of this work was to compare the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components between a group of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients with normal kidney function and no prior diagnosis of diabetes and healthy controls.

Methods: Forty-nine patients with ADPKD (age 35.9 +/- 11.1 years) with serum creatinine <1.35 mg/dl and 50 healthy controls (36.7 +/- 9.2 years) were enrolled for the study. Physical examination, basic laboratory measurements and oral glucose tolerance test were performed in all subjects.

Results: In the group of ADPKD patients, when compared to controls, the following values were significantly higher: waist-to-hip ratio (0.84 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.10, p = 0.046), systolic blood pressure (133.9 +/- 19.8 vs. 122.2 +/- 14.9 mm Hg, p = 0.0023), diastolic blood pressure (92.9 +/- 12.4 vs. 82.9 +/- 9.3 mm Hg, p < 0.0001), fasting glycemia (91.6 +/- 10.5 vs. 84.5 +/- 9.2 mg/dl, p = 0.04), and HbA(1C) (5.41 +/- 0.35 vs. 5.28 +/- 0.33%, p = 0.06, borderline significance). Adult Treatment Panel III criteria of MS were fulfilled by 14% of patients and 14% of controls, while International Diabetes Federation criteria were fulfilled by 22% of patients and 20% of controls, without any significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion: The presence of ADPKD with normal kidney function is associated with components of MS such as hypertension, abdominal obesity and higher fasting glycemia.