Trends in acute myocardial infarction incidence and mortality over 30 years in Japan: report from the MIYAGI-AMI Registry Study

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, the rate of aging is highest in Japan, especially the female population. To explore the trends for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Japan, the MIYAGI-AMI Registry Study has been conducted for 30 years since 1979, whereby all AMI patients in the Miyagi prefecture are prospectively registered.

Methods and results: In 1979-2008, 22,551 AMI patients (male/female 16,238/6,313) were registered from 43 hospitals. The age-adjusted incidence of AMI (/100,000persons/year) increased from 7.4 in 1979 to 27.0 in 2008 (P<0.001). Although control of coronary risk factors remained insufficient, the rates of ambulance use and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have increased, and the overall in-hospital mortality (age-adjusted) has decreased from 20.0% in 1979 to 7.8% in 2008 (P<0.0001). However, the in-hospital mortality remains relatively higher in female than in male patients (12.2% vs 6.3% in 2008). Female patients were characterized by higher age and lower PCI rate.

Conclusions: The MIYAGI-AMI Registry Study demonstrates the steady trend of an increasing incidence, but decreasing mortality, for AMI in Japan over the past 30 years, although the female population still remains at higher risk for in-hospital death, despite improvements in the use of ambulances and primary PCI. (Circ J 2010; 74: 93 - 100).