A perspective on male osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporosis and fragility fracture become common with advancing age in men. The incidence of osteoporosis-related fracture is similar to myocardial infarction and exceeds that of lung and prostate carcinoma combined. These fractures cause substantial morbidity, and the mortality following hip fracture is greater in men than in women. A decline in sex steroids and glucocorticoid and alcohol use, among other factors, contribute to bone loss and fracture risk. Approaches to reduce fracture risk in men are very similar to that in women - recognising and addressing muscle weakness/falls risk and optimising nutrition, with emphasis on calcium and vitamin D and medications when appropriate. Despite the high prevalence, osteoporosis remains largely undiagnosed and undertreated. Hopefully, increased recognition of male osteoporosis by health-care providers and the men themselves, in combination with recent consensus recommendations for treatment based on fracture-risk estimation, will reduce the burden of fragility fracture in men.