Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2010 Feb;19(2):119-29.
doi: 10.1177/0961203309350755. Epub 2009 Nov 27.

Review: Male systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of sex disparities in this disease

L-J Lu  1 , D J Wallace, M L Ishimori, R H Scofield, M H Weisman
Affiliations
Review

Review: Male systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of sex disparities in this disease

L-J Lu et al. Lupus. 2010 Feb.

Abstract

Although males with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represent 4-22% of all SLE patients, it may not be appropriate that these cases should be subordinated to females with SLE in terms of most health-related issues. Over the past few decades, some distinctive features of male lupus have been observed with regard to genetic and environmental aspects of sex differences, clinical features, and outcome. In addition, recent insights into sex disparities in this disease have brought forth a few plausible and novel pathogenetic hypotheses. This review discusses these findings and sex disparities in SLE that appear to be especially noteworthy and pertinent to our understanding of male SLE.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Zandman-Goddard G, Peeva E, Shoenfeld Y. Gender and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2007;6:366–72. - PubMed
    1. Brower V Sex matters. In sickness and in health, men and women are clearly different. EMBO Rep 2002;3:921–3. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Holdcroft A Gender bias in research: how does it affect evidence based medicine? J R Soc Med 2007;100:2–3. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Miller MH, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Killinger DW. Systemic lupus erythematosus in males. Medicine (Baltimore) 1983;62:327–34. - PubMed
    1. Lahita RG, Chiorazzi N, Gibofsky A, Winchester RJ, Kunkel HG. Familial systemic lupus erythematosus in males. Arthritis Rheum 1983;26:39–44. - PubMed

Publication types