Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2009 Dec 15;120(24):2496-508.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.751412.

Electrophysiological challenges of cell-based myocardial repair

Huei-Sheng Vincent Chen  1 , Changsung Kim, Mark Mercola
Affiliations
Review

Electrophysiological challenges of cell-based myocardial repair

Huei-Sheng Vincent Chen et al. Circulation. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A simple schematic of molecular pathways of cardiogenesis. See reviews in 9–13 for details. Shaded areas indicate the extra-cardiac cell sources. Dkk1 indicates Dickkopf1; Sox17, an endodermal transcription factor; TCF, T cell factor; BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein; Wnts, Wingless related factors; Nkx, NK family of Homeobox genes; MEF2C, myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2C; Tbx, T-box transcription factors; Flk1, kinase insert domain protein receptor; Isl1: LIM homeodomain transcription factor islet1; FGF, Fibroblast growth factor; EphB, Ephrin-B; PitX, Pituitary homeobox family; NRG-1, neuregulin-1; RA, retinoid acid; ET1, endothelin-1; Hrt, hairy-related transcription factor; BOP, CD8b-opposite transcription factor; Foxh1, forkhead DNA binding transcription factor; Fox, forkhead transcription factor; and * denotes mesenchymal cells from multiple sources.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A diagram of genetic and signaling pathways involved in chamber specification of myocardial development. JAG indicates a notch ligand, Jagged; Irx, Iroquois-related homeobox protein; see Figure 1 legend for the definition of other abbreviations. Adapted from reference with permission.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Expression patterns of connexin 43 (Cx43) in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). Images are of hESC-CMs in cardiospheres (A–C) and in co-cultures with NRVMs (D–F). hESC-CMs were stained with anti-Cx43 (green) (A), anti-N-cadherin (red) (B), anti-α-actinin (blue), and anti-human nuclear antigen (hNA, blue) (merged in C). In the co-culture of hESC-CMs and NRVMs, myocytes were immunostained with anti-Cx43 (green) (D), anti-hNA and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (both in red, E), as well as DAPI for nuclear staining (blue) (merged in F). In E, F, only human cells are positive for anti-hNA staining (red). hESC-CMs are variable in size. Cxs 43 of both hESC-CMs and NRVMs distribute in a punctate and neonatal-like pattern at the cell contact surfaces.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Summary of potential arrhythmogenic mechanisms of cell-based therapies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Fact Book Fiscal Year 2005. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 2006.
    1. Dimmeler S, Burchfield J, Zeiher AM. Cell-based therapy of myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:208–16. - PubMed
    1. Murry CE, Reinecke H, Pabon LM. Regeneration gaps: observations on stem cells and cardiac repair. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1777–85. - PubMed
    1. Boyle AJ, Schulman SP, Hare JM, Oettgen P. Is stem cell therapy ready for patients? Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Repair. Ready for the Next Step. Circulation. 2006;114:339–52. - PubMed
    1. Oettgen P, Boyle AJ, Schulman SP, Hare JM. Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy. Need for Optimization of Efficacy and Safety Monitoring. Circulation. 2006;114:353–8. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms