Trends in Method of Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from SHIELD

Abstract

Aims. This study assessed whether recent screening recommendations have led to increased diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through routine screening. Methods. Respondents to the 2006 US SHIELD survey reported whether a physician told them they had T2DM, age at diagnosis, specialty of the physician who made the diagnosis, and whether the diagnosis was made after having symptoms, during routine screening, or when being treated for another health problem. Results. Of 3 022 T2DM respondents, 36% of respondents reported that T2DM diagnosis was made during routine screening alone, 20% after having symptoms alone, and 6% when being treated for another health problem alone. The proportion of T2DM respondents reporting a diagnosis based only on screening increased approximately 42% over a 15+-year time span (absolute increase from 31% to 44%) (P < .001), whereas symptom-based diagnosis did not change significantly (P = .10). T2DM was diagnosed primarily by family physicians (88.3%). Conclusion. These findings highlight the importance of regular screening for diabetes and the vital role of primary care physicians in recognizing individuals with T2DM.

Figure 1

Method of diagnosis for SHIELD individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, n = 2 749*. *Data are shown only for those respondents who selected only one of three categories: routine screening, symptoms, or other health problem. P < .001 for routine screening change over time, P = .10 for symptoms change over time, P = .59 for other health problem change over time.