Can Roux-en-Y gastric bypass provide a lifelong solution for diabetes mellitus?
- PMID: 20011163
- PMCID: PMC2792412
Can Roux-en-Y gastric bypass provide a lifelong solution for diabetes mellitus?
Abstract
Background: The surgical treatment of diabetes had witnessed progressive development and success since the first case of pancreatic transplantation. Although this was a great step, wide clinical application was limited by several factors. Bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass is emerging as a promising option in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this article is to explore the current application of gastric bypass in patients with type 2 diabetes and the theoretical bases of gastric bypass as a treatment option for type 1 diabetes.
Methods: We performed a MEDLINE search for articles published from August 1955 to December 2008 using the words "surgical treatment of diabetes," "etiology of diabetes" and "gastric bypass."
Results: We identified 3215 studies and selected 72 relevant papers for review. Surgical treatment of diabetes is evolving from complex pancreatic and islets transplantation surgery for type 1 diabetes with critical postoperative outcome and follow-up to a metabolic surgery, including gastric bypass. Gastric bypass (no immune suppression or graft rejection) has proven to be highly effective treatment for obese patients and nonobese animals with type 2 diabetes. There are certain shared criteria between types 1 and 2 diabetes, making a selected spectrum of the disease a potential target for metabolic surgery to improve or cure diabetes.
Conclusion: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a promising option for lifelong treatment of type 2 diabetes. It has the potential to improve or cure a selected spectrum of type 1 diabetes when performed early in the disease. Further animal model studies or randomized controlled trials are needed to support our conclusion.
Contexte: Le traitement chirurgical du diabète a évolué et s’est amélioré progressivement depuis la première transplantation du pancréas. Même si ce fut un grand pas en avant, plusieurs facteurs ont limité l’application clinique généralisée des interventions. La chirurgie bariatrique telle que le pontage gastrique devient une option prometteuse chez les patients obèses atteints de diabète de type 2. Cet article vise à analyser l’application courante du pontage gastrique chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2 et les bases théoriques du pontage gastrique comme traitement possible du diabète de type 1.
Méthodes: Nous avons cherché dans MEDLINE des articles publiés entre août 1955 et décembre 2008 où l’on a utilisé les expressions « surgical treatment of diabetes », « etiology of diabetes » et « gastric bypass ».
Résultats: Nous avons repéré 3215 études et choisi 72 communications pertinentes à étudier. Le traitement chirurgical du diabète évolue de la chirurgie complexe de transplantation du pancréas et d’îlots dans les cas de diabète de type 1, interventions qui produisent des résultats et un suivi postopératoires critiques, jusqu’à la chirurgie métabolique, y compris le pontage gastrique. Le pontage gastrique (qui n’entraîne pas de suppression immunitaire ou de rejet du greffon) s’est révélé très efficace chez les patients obèses et des animaux non obèses atteints de diabète de type 2. Il existe certains critères communs entre le diabète des types 1 et 2, ce qui fait d’un éventail choisi de la maladie une cible possible de l’intervention chirurgicale métabolique afin d’atténuer ou de guérir le diabète.
Conclusion: Le pontage gastrique Roux-en-Y se révèle prometteur pour le traitement permanent du diabète de type 2. Il pourrait améliorer ou guérir un éventail choisi de cas de diabète de type 1 si on l’utilise au début de l’évolution de la maladie. D’autres études sur des animaux ou d’autres essais contrôlés randomisés s’imposent pour appuyer notre conclusion.
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