Current approach in the diagnosis and management of posterior uveitis

Abstract

Posterior uveitic entities are varied entities that are infective or non-infective in etiology. They can affect the adjacent structures such as the retina, vitreous, optic nerve head and retinal blood vessels. Thorough clinical evaluation gives a clue to the diagnosis while ancillary investigations and laboratory tests assist in confirming the diagnosis. Newer evolving techniques in the investigations and management have increased the diagnostic yield. In case of diagnostic dilemma, intraocular fluid evaluation for polymerase chain testing for the genome and antibody testing against the causative agent provide greater diagnostic ability.

Figure 1

Fundus picture showing a typical punched-out macular scar of a healed congenital toxoplasmosis

Figure 2

Fundus picture showing a typical “headlight in the fog appearance” in a patient with acquired toxoplasmosis

Figure 3

Fundus picture showing a toxocara granuloma

Figure 4

Fundus picture showing a tuberculous subretinal abscess

Figure 5

Fundus picture showing the classical “cracked mud appearance” in progressive outer retinal necrosis

Figure 6

Fundus picture showing a typical “pizza pie appearance” in a patient with cytomegalovirus retinitis

Figure 7

Fundus picture showing disc edema and macular exudates characteristic of a neuroretinitis

Figure 8

Fundus picture showing placoid lesions of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy

Figure 9

Fundus picture showing active geographic helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy