The Association of African Ancestry and elevated creatinine in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Abstract

Whether genetic factors account for differences in early kidney disease among blacks in a young healthy population is not well known. We evaluated the association of self-reported race and genetic African ancestry with elevated creatinine (> or =1.3 mg/dl for men, > or =1.1 mg/dl for women) among 3,113 black and white participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, ages 38-50 years. We estimated individual African ancestry using 42 ancestry informative markers. Blacks were more likely to have elevated creatinine than whites, and this effect was more pronounced in men: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for black versus white men = 7.03, 4.15-11.91; AOR for women = 2.40, 1.15-5.02. Higher African ancestry was independently associated with elevated creatinine among black men (AOR = 1.53,1.08-2.16 per SD increase in African ancestry), but not women. A graded increase in odds of elevated creatinine by African Ancestry was observed among black men compared with white men: AOR = 4.27 (2.26-10.06) for black men with 40-70% African ancestry; AOR = 8.09 (4.19-15.61) for black men with 70-80% African ancestry; AOR = 9.05 (4.81-17.02) for black men with >80% African ancestry. Genetic factors common to African ancestry may be associated with increased risk of early kidney dysfunction in a young, healthy population, particularly among black men.

Fig. 1

Distribution of serum creatinine (mg/dl) among blacks and whites in CARDIA by gender.