Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2009;11 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S4.
doi: 10.1186/bcr2423. Epub 2009 Dec 18.

Mammographic density

Norman F Boyd  1 , Lisa J Martin, Martin Yaffe, Salomon Minkin
Affiliations
Review

Mammographic density

Norman F Boyd et al. Breast Cancer Res. 2009.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Examples of mammographic density. (a) 0%. (b) <10%. (c) <25%. (d) <50%. (e) <75%. (f) >75%.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Computer-assisted measurement of mammographic density.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Pike model of mammary carcinogenesis. (b) Age-specific incidence of breast cancer - observed and predicted by the Pike model. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Pike and colleagues, Nature © 1983 [21].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. McCormack VA, dos Santos Silva I. Breast density and parenchymal patterns as markers of breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:1159–1169. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0034. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Boyd NF, Guo H, Martin LJ, Sun L, Stone J, Fishell E, Jong RA, Hislop G, Chiarelli A, Minkin S, Yaffe MJ. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:227–236. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa062790. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kato I, Beinart C, Bleich A, Su S, Kim M, Toniolo PG. A nested case-control study of mammographic patterns, breast volume, and breast cancer (New York City, NY, United States) Cancer Causes Control. 1995;6:431–438. doi: 10.1007/BF00052183. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Saftlas AF, Hoover RN, Brinton LA, Szklo M, Olson DR, Salane M, Wolfe JN. Mammographic densities and risk of breast cancer. Cancer. 1991;67:2833–2838. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910601)67:11<2833::AID-CNCR2820671121>3.0.CO;2-U. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Byrne C, Schairer C, Wolfe J, Parekh N, Salane M, Brinton LA, Hoover R, Haile R. Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:1622–1629. doi: 10.1093/jnci/87.21.1622. - DOI - PubMed